COPD

What is COPD? Causes, symptoms, treatment

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Definition: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a pulmonary disease that leads to a chronic obstruction of airflow from the lungs. Before we get into the nitty-gritty of pathophysiology, let’s nail down some key points to keep in mind as we go through this. 1.    Limited Airflow In COPD, airflow is restricted. Why? Because in…

Pnemonia

What is Pneumonia? Causes, symptoms, treatment

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  What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange). When inflamed, these sacs fill with fluid, pus, or cellular debris, impairing oxygen exchange and leading to symptoms like hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) and respiratory acidosis. Pathophysiology of Pneumonia…